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The 58 function of C2 of the protein

S.NOUniprot IDProtein Name Sequence LengthC2 Repeated RegionFunction
1 Q8IYJ1 Copine-9 553Probable calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that may play a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes (By similarity).
Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (PubMed:23999003).
2 Q9HCH5 Synaptotagmin-like protein 2 934"Isoform 1 acts as a RAB27A effector protein and plays a role in cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes.
It is required for cytotoxic granule docking at the immunologic synapse.
Isoform 4 binds phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and promotes the recruitment of glucagon-containing granules to the cell membrane in pancreatic alpha cells.
Binding to PS is inhibited by Ca(2+) while binding to PIP2 is Ca(2+) insensitive".
3 O14795 Protein unc-13 homolog B 1591Plays a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis as a target of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway.
Is involved in neurotransmitter release by acting in synaptic vesicle priming prior to vesicle fusion and participates in the activity-depending refilling of readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP).
Essential for synaptic vesicle maturation in a subset of excitatory/glutamatergic but not inhibitory/GABA-mediated synapses (By similarity).
4 Q9UPW8 Protein unc-13 homolog A 1703Plays a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis as a target of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway.
Involved in neurotransmitter release by acting in synaptic vesicle priming prior to vesicle fusion and participates in the activity-dependent refilling of readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP).
Essential for synaptic vesicle maturation in most excitatory/glutamatergic but not inhibitory/GABA-mediated synapses (By similarity).
Also involved in secretory granule priming in insulin secretion (By similarity).
Interacts with FBXO45 (via SRY domain); leading to the degradation of UNC13A by the proteasome (By similarity).
Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (PubMed:23999003).
5 A0AVI2 Fer-1-like protein 52057Plays a role in myoblast fusion; probable mediator of endocytic recycling for membrane trafficking events during myotube formation.
6 Q9NZM1 Myoferlin 2061Calcium/phospholipid-binding protein that plays a role in the plasmalemma repair mechanism of endothelial cells that permits rapid resealing of membranes disrupted by mechanical stress.
Involved in endocytic recycling.
Implicated in VEGF signal transduction by regulating the levels of the receptor KDR (By similarity).
7 O75923 Dysferlin 2080Key calcium ion sensor involved in the Ca(2+)-triggered synaptic vesicle-plasma membrane fusion.
Plays a role in the sarcolemma repair mechanism of both skeletal muscle and cardiomyocytes that permits rapid resealing of membranes disrupted by mechanical stress (By similarity).
8 O95294 RasGAP-activating-like protein 1 804Probable inhibitory regulator of the Ras-cyclic AMP pathway (PubMed:9751798).
Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (PubMed:23999003).
9 C9J798 Ras GTPase-activating protein 4B803"Ca(2+)-dependent Ras GTPase-activating protein, that may play a role in the Ras-MAPK pathway".
10 O43374 Ras GTPase-activating protein 4 803"Ca(2+)-dependent Ras GTPase-activating protein, that switches off the Ras-MAPK pathway following a stimulus that elevates intracellular calcium.
Functions as an adaptor for Cdc42 and Rac1 during FcR-mediated phagocytosis".
11 Q14644 Ras GTPase-activating protein 3 834Inhibitory regulator of the Ras-cyclic AMP pathway.
Binds inositol tetrakisphosphate (IP4) with high affinity.
Might be a specific IP4 receptor.
12 Q99829 Copine-1 537"Calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that plays a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes (PubMed:14674885).
Involved in the TNF-alpha receptor signaling pathway in a calcium-dependent manner (PubMed:14674885).
Exhibits calcium-dependent phospholipid binding properties (PubMed:9430674, PubMed:19539605).
Plays a role in neuronal progenitor cell differentiation; induces neurite outgrowth via a AKT-dependent signaling cascade and calcium-independent manner (PubMed:23263657, PubMed:25450385).
May recruit target proteins to the cell membrane in a calcium-dependent manner (PubMed:12522145).
May function in membrane trafficking (PubMed:9430674).
Involved in TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappa-B transcriptional repression by inducing endoprotease processing of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B p65/RELA subunit (PubMed:18212740).
Also induces endoprotease processing of NF-kappa-B p50/NFKB1, p52/NFKB2, RELB and REL (PubMed:18212740)".
13 Q96FN4 Copine-2 548Calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that plays a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes.
Exhibits calcium-dependent cell membrane binding properties.
14 Q86YQ8 Copine-8 564Probable calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that may play a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes.
15 A0FGR9 Extended synaptotagmin-3 886Binds glycerophospholipids in a barrel-like domain and may play a role in cellular lipid transport (By similarity).
Tethers the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane and promotes the formation of appositions between the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell membrane.
16 Q4AC94 C2 domain-containing protein 32353"Component of the centrioles that acts as a positive regulator of centriole elongation (PubMed:24997988).
Promotes assembly of centriolar distal appendage, a structure at the distal end of the mother centriole that acts as an anchor of the cilium, and is required for recruitment of centriolar distal appendages proteins CEP83, SCLT1, CEP89, FBF1 and CEP164.
Not required for centriolar satellite integrity or RAB8 activation.
Required for primary cilium formation (PubMed:23769972).
Required for sonic hedgehog/SHH signaling and for proteolytic processing of GLI3".
17 Q8NBV8 Synaptotagmin-8 401Isoform 4 may play a role in the trafficking and exocytosis of secretory vesicles in non-neuronal tissues.
Mediates Ca(2+)-regulation of exocytosis acrosomal reaction in sperm.
May mediate Ca(2+)-regulation of exocytosis in insulin secreted cells (By similarity).
18 Q8NB66 Protein unc-13 homolog C 2214May play a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis as a target of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway.
May be involved in the regulation of synaptic transmission at parallel fiber - Purkinje cell synapses (By similarity).
19 O00445 Synaptotagmin-5 386May be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis.
Regulates the Ca(2+)-dependent secretion of norepinephrine in PC12 cells.
Required for export from the endocytic recycling compartment to the cell surface (By similarity).
20 Q14184 Double C2-like domain-containing protein beta 412Calcium sensor which positively regulates SNARE-dependent fusion of vesicles with membranes.
Binds phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner and may act at the priming stage of fusion by modifying membrane curvature to stimulate fusion.
Involved in calcium-triggered exocytosis in chromaffin cells and calcium-dependent spontaneous release of neurotransmitter in absence of action potentials in neuronal cells.
Involved both in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic cells and insulin-dependent GLUT4 transport to the plasma membrane in adipocytes (By similarity).
21 Q9BSJ8 Extended synaptotagmin-1 1104Binds glycerophospholipids in a barrel-like domain and may play a role in cellular lipid transport (By similarity).
Binds calcium (via the C2 domains) and translocates to sites of contact between the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell membrane in response to increased cytosolic calcium levels.
Helps tether the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane and promotes the formation of appositions between the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell membrane.
22 O43581 Synaptotagmin-7 403"Ca(2+) sensor involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory and synaptic vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain (By similarity).
Ca(2+) induces binding of the C2-domains to phospholipid membranes and to assembled SNARE-complexes; both actions contribute to triggering exocytosis (By similarity).
SYT7 binds Ca(2+) with high affinity and slow kinetics compared to other synaptotagmins (By similarity).
Involved in Ca(2+)-triggered lysosomal exocytosis, a major component of the plasma membrane repair (PubMed:11342594).
Ca(2+)-regulated delivery of lysosomal membranes to the cell surface is also involved in the phagocytic uptake of particles by macrophages (By similarity).
Ca(2+)-triggered lysosomal exocytosis also plays a role in bone remodeling by regulating secretory pathways in osteoclasts and osteoblasts (By similarity).
In case of infection, involved in participates cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi via Ca(2+)-triggered lysosomal exocytosis (PubMed:11342594, PubMed:15811535).
Involved in cholesterol transport from lysosome to peroxisome by promoting membrane contacts between lysosomes and peroxisomes: probably acts by promoting vesicle fusion by binding phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate on peroxisomal membranes (By similarity).
Acts as a key mediator of synaptic facilitation, a process also named short-term synaptic potentiation: synaptic facilitation takes place at synapses with a low initial release probability and is caused by influx of Ca(2+) into the axon terminal after spike generation, increasing the release probability of neurotransmitters (By similarity).
Probably mediates synaptic facilitation by directly increasing the probability of release (By similarity).
May also contribute to synaptic facilitation by regulating synaptic vesicle replenishment, a process required to ensure that synaptic vesicles are ready for the arrival of the next action potential: SYT7 is required for synaptic vesicle replenishment by acting as a sensor for Ca(2+) and by forming a complex with calmodulin (By similarity).
Also acts as a regulator of Ca(2+)-dependent insulin and glucagon secretion in beta-cells (By similarity).
Triggers exocytosis by promoting fusion pore opening and fusion pore expansion in chromaffin cells (By similarity).
Also regulates the secretion of some non-synaptic secretory granules of specialized cells (By similarity)".
23 Q8N9I0 Synaptotagmin-2 419Exhibits calcium-dependent phospholipid and inositol polyphosphate binding properties (By similarity).
May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse (By similarity).
Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (PubMed:23999003).
24 Q9BQS2 Synaptotagmin-15 421May be involved in the trafficking and exocytosis of secretory vesicles in non-neuronal tissues.
25 Q9H2B2 Synaptotagmin-4 425May be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis (By similarity).
Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (PubMed:23999003).
26 P21579 Synaptotagmin-1 422"May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse.
It binds acidic phospholipids with a specificity that requires the presence of both an acidic head group and a diacyl backbone.
A Ca(2+)-dependent interaction between synaptotagmin and putative receptors for activated protein kinase C has also been reported.
It can bind to at least three additional proteins in a Ca(2+)-independent manner; these are neurexins, syntaxin and AP2.
Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (PubMed:23999003)".
27 Q8IV01 Synaptotagmin-12 421May be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis.
28 Q9BT88 Synaptotagmin-11 431May be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis.
29 Q7L8C5 Synaptotagmin-13 426May be involved in transport vesicle docking to the plasma membrane.
30 Q6DN12 Multiple C2 and transmembrane domain-containing protein 2878Might play a role in the development of cardiac outflow tract.
31 O94812 BAI1-associated protein 3 1187"Functions in endosome to Golgi retrograde transport.
In response to calcium influx, may interact with SNARE fusion receptors and membrane phospholipids to mediate endosome fusion with the trans-Golgi network.
By promoting the recycling of secretory vesicle transmembrane proteins, it indirectly controls dense-core secretory vesicle biogenesis, maturation and their ability to mediate the constitutive and regulated secretion of neurotransmitters and hormones.
May regulate behavior and food intake by controlling calcium-stimulated exocytosis of neurotransmitters including NPY and serotonin and hormones like insulin (PubMed:28626000).
Proposed to play a role in hypothalamic neuronal firing by modulating gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory neurotransmission (By similarity)".
32 Q9BSW7 Synaptotagmin-17 474Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (PubMed:23999003).
33 A0FGR8 Extended synaptotagmin-2 921Tethers the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane and promotes the formation of appositions between the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell membrane.
Binds glycerophospholipids in a barrel-like domain and may play a role in cellular lipid transport.
Plays a role in FGF signaling via its role in the rapid internalization of FGFR1 that has been activated by FGF1 binding; this occurs most likely via the AP-2 complex.
34 O75131 Copine-3 537Calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that plays a role in ERBB2-mediated tumor cell migration in response to growth factor heregulin stimulation (PubMed:20010870).
35 Q86UR5 Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1 1692Rab effector involved in exocytosis (By similarity).
May act as scaffold protein that regulates neurotransmitter release at the active zone.
Essential for maintaining normal probability of neurotransmitter release and for regulating release during short-term synaptic plasticity (By similarity).
Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (PubMed:23999003).
36 Q86SS6 Synaptotagmin-9 491May be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis.
37 Q5T7P8 Synaptotagmin-6 510May be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis.
May mediate Ca(2+)-regulation of exocytosis in acrosomal reaction in sperm (By similarity).
38 Q6XYQ8 Synaptotagmin-10 523Ca(2+) sensor specifically required for the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles containing IGF1 in neurons of the olfactory bulb.
Exocytosis of IGF1 is required for sensory perception of smell.
Not involved in Ca(2+)-dependent synaptic vesicle exocytosis (By similarity).
Acts through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain: Ca(2+) induces binding of the C2-domains to phospholipid membranes and to assembled SNARE-complexes; both actions contribute to triggering exocytosis (By similarity).
39 O95741 Copine-6 557Calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that plays a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes.
Binds phospholipid membranes in a calcium-dependent manner (By similarity).
Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (PubMed:23999003).
40 Q96A23 Copine-4 557Probable calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that may play a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes.
41 Q9HC10 Otoferlin 1997Key calcium ion sensor involved in the Ca(2+)-triggered synaptic vesicle-plasma membrane fusion and in the control of neurotransmitter release at these output synapses.
Interacts in a calcium-dependent manner to the presynaptic SNARE proteins at ribbon synapses of cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) to trigger exocytosis of neurotransmitter.
Also essential to synaptic exocytosis in immature outer hair cells (OHCs).
May also play a role within the recycling of endosomes (By similarity).
42 Q6DN14 Multiple C2 and transmembrane domain-containing protein 1999Calcium sensor which is essential for the stabilization of normal baseline neurotransmitter release and for the induction and long-term maintenance of presynaptic homeostatic plasticity.
43 Q15283 Ras GTPase-activating protein 2 850Inhibitory regulator of the Ras-cyclic AMP pathway.
Binds inositol tetrakisphosphate (IP4).
44 Q9UQ26 Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 2 1411Rab effector involved in exocytosis.
May act as scaffold protein.
Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (PubMed:23999003).
45 Q8NB59 Synaptotagmin-14 555May be involved in the trafficking and exocytosis of secretory vesicles in non-neuronal tissues.
Is Ca(2+)-independent.
46 Q9UBL6 Copine-7 633Calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that may play a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes.
47 Q9HCH3 Copine-5 593Probable calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that may play a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes (By similarity).
Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (PubMed:23999003).
48 Q9BQG1 Synaptotagmin-3 590Ca(2+) sensor involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain.
Ca(2+) induces binding of the C2-domains to phospholipid membranes and to assembled SNARE-complexes; both actions contribute to triggering exocytosis (By similarity).
Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (PubMed:23999003).
49 Q8IYJ3 Synaptotagmin-like protein 1 562"May play a role in vesicle trafficking (By similarity).
Binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate.
Acts as a RAB27A effector protein and may play a role in cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes (By similarity)".
50 Q17RD7 Synaptotagmin-16 645May be involved in the trafficking and exocytosis of secretory vesicles in non-neuronal tissues.
Is Ca(2+)-independent.
51 Q96C24 Synaptotagmin-like protein 4 671Modulates exocytosis of dense-core granules and secretion of hormones in the pancreas and the pituitary.
Interacts with vesicles containing negatively charged phospholipids in a Ca(2+)-independent manner (By similarity).
52 Q4VX76 Synaptotagmin-like protein 3 610May act as Rab effector protein and play a role in vesicle trafficking.
Binds phospholipids in the presence of calcium ions (By similarity).
53 Q9Y2J0 Rabphilin-3A 694Protein transport.
Probably involved with Ras-related protein Rab-3A in synaptic vesicle traffic and/or synaptic vesicle fusion.
Could play a role in neurotransmitter release by regulating membrane flow in the nerve terminal (By similarity).
54 Q9Y6V0 Protein piccolo 5142May act as a scaffolding protein involved in the organization of synaptic active zones and in synaptic vesicle trafficking.
55 Q68CZ1 Protein fantom 1315"Negatively regulates signaling through the G-protein coupled thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R) (PubMed:19464661).
May be involved in mechanisms like programmed cell death, craniofacial development, patterning of the limbs, and formation of the left-right axis (By similarity).
Involved in the organization of apical junctions; the function is proposed to implicate a NPHP1-4-8 module.
Does not seem to be strictly required for ciliogenesis (PubMed:19464661).
Involved in establishment of planar cell polarity such as in cochlear sensory epithelium and is proposed to implicate stabilization of disheveled proteins (By similarity).
Involved in regulation of proteasomal activity at the primary cilium probably implicating association with PSDM2 (By similarity)".
56 Q8TDW5 Synaptotagmin-like protein 5730May act as Rab effector protein and play a role in vesicle trafficking.
Binds phospholipids.
57 Q14183 Double C2-like domain-containing protein alpha 400Calcium sensor which most probably regulates fusion of vesicles with membranes.
Binds calcium and phospholipids.
May be involved in calcium dependent neurotransmitter release through the interaction with UNC13A.
May be involved in calcium-dependent spontaneous release of neurotransmitter in absence of action potentials in neuronal cells.
Regulates Ca(2+)-dependent secretory lysosome exocytosis in mast cells.
58 Q70J99 Protein unc-13 homolog D 1090"Plays a role in cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes.
Required for both granule maturation and granule docking and priming at the immunologic synapse.
Regulates assembly of recycling and late endosomal structures, leading to the formation of an endosomal exocytic compartment that fuses with perforin-containing granules at the immunologic synapse and licences them for exocytosis.
Regulates Ca(2+)-dependent secretory lysosome exocytosis in mast cells".