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The 11 CBS Repeats and their disease

S.NOUniprot ID Protein Name Sequence LengthCBS Repeats regionDisease
1 P20839 Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 514"DISEASE: Retinitis pigmentosa 10 (RP10) [MIM:180105]: A retinal dystrophy belonging to the group of pigmentary retinopathies.
Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by retinal pigment deposits visible on fundus examination and primary loss of rod photoreceptor cells followed by secondary loss of cone photoreceptors.
Patients typically have night vision blindness and loss of midperipheral visual field.
As their condition progresses, they lose their far peripheral visual field and eventually central vision as well.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
; DISEASE: Leber congenital amaurosis 11 (LCA11) [MIM:613837]: A severe dystrophy of the retina, typically becoming evident in the first years of life.
Visual function is usually poor and often accompanied by nystagmus, sluggish or near-absent pupillary responses, photophobia, high hyperopia and keratoconus.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry".
2 Q6P4Q7 Metal transporter CNNM4 775DISEASE: Jalili syndrome (JALIS) [MIM:217080]: A syndrome characterized by the association of cone-rod dystrophy and amelogenesis imperfecta.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
3 Q9H8M5 Metal transporter CNNM2 875"DISEASE: Hypomagnesemia 6 (HOMG6) [MIM:613882]: A renal disease characterized by severely lowered serum magnesium levels in the absence of other electrolyte disturbances.
Affected individuals show an inappropriately normal urinary magnesium excretion, demonstrating a defect in tubular reabsorption.
Age of clinical onset is highly variable and some affected individuals are asymptomatic.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
; DISEASE: Hypomagnesemia, seizures, and mental retardation (HOMGSMR) [MIM:616418]: A disease characterized by renal wasting of magnesium, low serum magnesium, seizures, and variable degrees of delayed psychomotor development.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry".
4 Q9UGJ0 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 569"DISEASE: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPWS) [MIM:194200]: A supernormal conduction disorder characterized by the presence of one or several accessory atrioventricular connections, which can lead to episodes of sporadic tachycardia.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
; DISEASE: Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic 6 (CMH6) [MIM:600858]: A hereditary heart disorder characterized by ventricular hypertrophy, which is usually asymmetric and often involves the interventricular septum.
The symptoms include dyspnea, syncope, collapse, palpitations, and chest pain.
They can be readily provoked by exercise.
The disorder has inter- and intrafamilial variability ranging from benign to malignant forms with high risk of cardiac failure and sudden cardiac death.
CMH6 patients present Wolff-Parkinson-White ventricular preexcitation, enlarged myocytes without myofiber disarray, and glycogen-containing cytosolic vacuoles within cardiomyocytes.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
; DISEASE: Glycogen storage disease of heart lethal congenital (GSDH) [MIM:261740]: Rare disease which leads to death within a few weeks to a few months after birth, through heart failure and respiratory compromise.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry".
5 P51800 Chloride channel protein ClC-Ka 687"DISEASE: Bartter syndrome 4B, neonatal, with sensorineural deafness (BARTS4B) [MIM:613090]: A digenic form of Bartter syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired salt reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle with pronounced salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, and varying degrees of hypercalciuria.
BARTS4B is associated with sensorineural deafness.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting distinct genetic loci, including the gene represented in this entry.
Loss-of-function of both CLCNKA and CLCNKB results in the disease phenotype (PubMed:18310267)".
6 P51801 Chloride channel protein ClC-Kb 687"DISEASE: Bartter syndrome 3 (BARTS3) [MIM:607364]: A form of Bartter syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired salt reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle with pronounced salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, and varying degrees of hypercalciuria.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
; DISEASE: Bartter syndrome 4B, neonatal, with sensorineural deafness (BARTS4B) [MIM:613090]: A digenic form of Bartter syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired salt reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle with pronounced salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, and varying degrees of hypercalciuria.
BARTS4B is associated with sensorineural deafness.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting distinct genetic loci, including the gene represented in this entry.
Loss-of-function of both CLCNKA and CLCNKB results in the disease phenotype (PubMed:18310267)".
7 P51788 Chloride channel protein 2 898"DISEASE: Epilepsy, idiopathic generalized 11 (EIG11) [MIM:607628]: A disorder characterized by recurring generalized seizures in the absence of detectable brain lesions and/or metabolic abnormalities.
Generalized seizures arise diffusely and simultaneously from both hemispheres of the brain.
Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
; DISEASE: Juvenile absence epilepsy 2 (JAE2) [MIM:607628]: A subtype of idiopathic generalized epilepsy characterized by onset occurring around puberty, absence seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), GTCS on awakening, and myoclonic seizures.
Note=Disease susceptibility may be associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
; DISEASE: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy 8 (EJM8) [MIM:607628]: A subtype of idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
Patients have afebrile seizures only, with onset in adolescence (rather than in childhood) and myoclonic jerks which usually occur after awakening and are triggered by sleep deprivation and fatigue.
Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
; DISEASE: Leukoencephalopathy with ataxia (LKPAT) [MIM:615651]: An autosomal recessive neurologic disorder with a characteristic pattern of white matter abnormalities on brain MRI.
Affected individuals have prominent signal abnormalities and decreased apparent diffusion coefficient values in the posterior limbs of the internal capsules, middle cerebral peduncles, pyramidal tracts in the pons, and middle cerebellar peduncles, suggesting myelin microvacuolation.
Clinical features include ataxia and unstable gait.
More variable abnormalities may include visual field defects, headaches, and learning disabilities.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry".
8 P51795 H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 5746"DISEASE: Hypophosphatemic rickets, X-linked recessive (XLRHR) [MIM:300554]: A renal disease belonging to the 'Dent disease complex', a group of disorders characterized by proximal renal tubular defect, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal insufficiency.
The spectrum of phenotypic features is remarkably similar in the various disorders, except for differences in the severity of bone deformities and renal impairment.
XLRH patients present with rickets or osteomalacia, hypophosphatemia due to decreased renal tubular phosphate reabsorption, hypercalciuria, and low molecular weight proteinuria.
Patients develop nephrocalcinosis with progressive renal failure in adulthood.
Female carriers may have asymptomatic hypercalciuria or hypophosphatemia only.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
; DISEASE: Nephrolithiasis 2 (NPHL2) [MIM:300009]: An X-linked recessive renal disease belonging to the 'Dent disease complex', a group of disorders characterized by proximal renal tubular defect, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal insufficiency.
The spectrum of phenotypic features is remarkably similar in the various disorders, except for differences in the severity of bone deformities and renal impairment.
Nephrolithiasis type 2 patients manifest hypercalciuria, hypophosphatemia, aminoaciduria, nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis, renal insufficiency leading to renal failure in adulthood, rickets (33% of patients) and osteomalacia.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
; DISEASE: Nephrolithiasis 1 (NPHL1) [MIM:310468]: An X-linked recessive renal disease belonging to the 'Dent disease complex', a group of disorders characterized by proximal renal tubular defect, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis and renal insufficiency.
The spectrum of phenotypic features is remarkably similar in the various disorders, except for differences in the severity of bone deformities and renal impairment.
Nephrolithiasis type 1 presents with hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, renal stones and renal insufficiency.
Patients lack urinary acidification defects, rickets, and osteomalacia.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
; DISEASE: Low molecular weight proteinuria with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (LMWPHN) [MIM:308990]: An X-linked renal disease belonging to the 'Dent disease complex', a group of disorders characterized by proximal renal tubular defect, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal insufficiency.
The spectrum of phenotypic features is remarkably similar in the various disorders, except for differences in the severity of bone deformities and renal impairment.
LMWPHN is a slowly progressive disorder.
Patients tend to have hypercalciuric nephrocalcinosis without rickets or renal failure.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry".
9 P51793 H760"DISEASE: Mental retardation, X-linked 49 (MRX49) [MIM:300114]: A disorder characterized by significantly below average general intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period.
Intellectual deficiency is the only primary symptom of non-syndromic X-linked mental retardation, while syndromic mental retardation presents with associated physical, neurological and/or psychiatric manifestations.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry".
10 P35523 Chloride channel protein 1 988"DISEASE: Myotonia congenita, autosomal dominant (MCAD) [MIM:160800]: A non-dystrophic skeletal muscle disorder characterized by muscle stiffness and an inability of the muscle to relax after voluntary contraction.
Most patients have symptom onset in the legs, which later progresses to the arms, neck, and facial muscles.
Many patients show marked hypertrophy of the lower limb muscles.
The autosomal dominant form (Thomsen disease) is less common and less severe than the autosomal recessive one (Becker disease).
A milder form of autosomal dominant myotonia is characterized by isolated myotonia without muscle weakness, hypotrophy, or hypertrophy (myotonia levior).
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
; DISEASE: Myotonia congenita, autosomal recessive (MCAR) [MIM:255700]: A non-dystrophic skeletal muscle disorder characterized by muscle stiffness and an inability of the muscle to relax after voluntary contraction.
Most patients have symptom onset in the legs, which later progresses to the arms, neck, and facial muscles.
Many patients show marked hypertrophy of the lower limb muscles.
The autosomal recessive form (Becker disease) is more severe than the autosomal dominant one (Thomsen disease).
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry".
11 P51798 H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 7805"DISEASE: Osteopetrosis, autosomal recessive 4 (OPTB4) [MIM:611490]: A rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone.
Osteopetrosis occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood.
Recessive osteopetrosis commonly manifests in early infancy with macrocephaly, feeding difficulties, evolving blindness and deafness, bone marrow failure, severe anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly.
Deafness and blindness are generally thought to represent effects of pressure on nerves.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
; DISEASE: Osteopetrosis, autosomal dominant 2 (OPTA2) [MIM:166600]: A rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone.
Osteopetrosis occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood.
OPTA2 is the most common form of osteopetrosis, occurring in adolescence or adulthood.
It is characterized by sclerosis, predominantly involving the spine, the pelvis and the skull base.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
; DISEASE: Osteopetrosis, autosomal recessive 2 (OPTB2) [MIM:259710]: A rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone.
Osteopetrosis occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood.
Recessive osteopetrosis commonly manifests in early infancy with macrocephaly, feeding difficulties, evolving blindness and deafness, bone marrow failure, severe anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly.
Deafness and blindness are generally thought to represent effects of pressure on nerves.
OPTB2 is characterized by paucity of osteoclasts, suggesting a molecular defect in osteoclast development.
Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry".